Ppt morphology from yuliahariyani

SYNTAX

Syntax

        is the study of the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in particular languages. Syntactic investigation of a given language has as its goal the construction of a grammar that can be viewed as a device of some sort for producing the sentences of the language under analysis."(Noam Chomsky, 2002:11).

In other words, it is the study of how combine words become a larger unit.

     intinya dari pengertian tersebut adalah syntax mengulas bagaimana kalimat itu dibentuk dan pengguna bahasa menggunakan sebuah variasi yang istimewa yang memungkinkan membentuk elemen dalam kalimat.

Contoh Syntax dalam Linguistic

Untuk mempermudah dalam memahami pengertian syntax dari para penemu, sebaiknya perhatikan contoh berikut ini :

Example :

1.    Box

2.   That big box

3.   That big box are very heavy

    Kata Box (1) merupakan kata (word), kemudian That big box (2) adalah frase dan yang terakhir (3) merupakan klausa. Karena definisi dari Kata mungkin sudah terlalu jelas, maka mari berlanjut pada Frase (phrase). Frase terbentuk dari beberapa kata dan kemudian akan berkembang lebih besar menjadi sebuah klausa. Dan Klausa adalah gabungan beberapa kata yang mengandung sebuah kata kerja terbatas yang tidak bisa terbentuk dalam keadaan terpisah.

In Syntax studies rearrangement and interrelationship of word, phrases,clauses, and sentence.

v Phoneme : the smallest meaningfull unit,  ex : book/BUK/ 3 phoneme

v Phrase : group of words that does’nt has S and P but has meaning. A group of Word that has meaning

v Clause : consist of S and V but can not stand alone because it is part of sentence and has meaning, Ex : what she knows

v Sentence : the largest grammatical unit consisting phrase, clause,sentence that used to express a statement, question and comment.

MORPHOLOGY

MORPHOLOGY

is how language user understand complex words and how they creat new ones, the study of the patterning of morphemes within a word and how morphems combine to form new complex words.

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 Free Morphemes       : are single morphemes which constitute

 Bound Morphemes     : are morphemes which can only occur in word Attached to other morphemes : prefixes, suffixes, infixes 

  

 Lexical Morphemes  : a morphemes which has a complete lexical meaning all on its own. Example :  Girl (Noun), Sad (Adjectives), Look (Verb)

 Functional Morphemes : A morphemes whose purpose is to alter the grammar or sense of Another Morphemes 

Example : The (articles), at,in (preposition),he, she, (pronouns),

And, or (conjuction)

  Derivational Morphemes : a new word with a new meaning (usually change grammatical Class ) can be prefixes or suffixes.

  Example :   * Un- (Prefixes)  :  Verb ( happy )  Verb ( Unhappy )

  *-Al   (suffixes) :  Noun ( institution ) Adjective ( Institutional )

 Inflectional Morphemes : in inflection therefore is an affix used to change form and function Only from the grammatical point with no change in part of speech Of the word as seen in the paradigms below.

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Example 1            : 

Example II :